Educational Aids

    Educational aids can be defined as pictures, objects and other things an instructor uses for the benefit of his students by looking at or listening to.

          My aim, in this short paper, is to verify three issues that concern visual aids. Why we should use audio-visual aids is the first question.  The second question is how to use them effectively.  The final question deals with what materials we can use as educational aids.

How do we use educational aids?    

    Teachers in general need to -use educational aids, as defined above, in order to guarantee the following advantages: -

a.      Focus on a number of human senses

b.     Help simplify explain difficult concepts.

c.     Leave longer lasting impressions.

d.     Give realistic impacts.

e.      Enhance level of teaching.

f.       Break monotony.

g.     Help inform students of their levels, skills and knowledge.

 

    These advantages, however, never suggest that teachers use excessively. Teachers will discover that there are the aids they intend to use in their classrooms.

Some of the things that teachers, planning to use instructional aids, find disadvantageous include:-

a)     Audible materials Visual aids are not audible.

b)    Visual aids are not really visible enough.

c)     The use of educational aids hinders the traditional lecturing.

d)    Aids are sometimes complex and difficult to operate hence to use in a classroom.

e)     Aids are often costly.

      Therefore, it is very wise to consider the above disadvantages prior to using any one individual educational aid.  Teachers must take all necessary precautions that the educational aids they intend to use give learners the opportunity to feel and examine them aids at a closer range.  Teachers, therefore, should make sure that these aids benefit all learners concerning the time allotted to each student in the classroom. 

What educational aids can we use in the classrooms?

Some common examples of educational aids include: -

1.      Overhead projects

2.      Slide projectors.

3.      Opaque projectors.

4.  Audio video tape recorders.

5.      Film projector.

6.      Flip charts.

7.      Chalk/white board

8.      Magnetic boards.

9.      Posters.

10.      Charts and cards.

11. Reallia.  

How can we use them?

   1 – Overhead Projector:-

Avoid leaving the light on when you have no transparency on the stage.

Remember not to allow head or shoulder to get in the way of projector.

Do not move the projector while it is ‘on’.

  2 - Slide projector

Projector must be pre-focused and tested, and lenses must be cleaned before class period.

Projector must be firmly and securely in position, with electric cords protected.

The projected image should fill the screen.

Darken the room when necessary.

  3- Opaque projector: -

If material is colour, complete darkness is necessary.

Do not project for lengthy periods due to heat and heat damage.

Do not use flammable objects.

  4- Audio video tape recorder: -

It is an effective aid for self-development, demonstrations, case study, and role-playing. Before starting to record the presentation, get to know the recorder. Run tests before your recording and playing back to determine proper settings of controls for volume and tone.

  5 - Film projector: -

Pre-focusing and adjusting of equipment is a must.

Be sure projector is firmly positioned and electric wires are protected.

Thread the film prior to lesson.

Make proper introduction before you start.

Choose the theme of your film carefully.

Have a spare bulb ready.

  6-Flip chart: -

Turn the pages carefully.

Be sure colour and size of writing or class can see printing.

Stand to the side.

Do not lean against the stand.

You should know the contents of your flip chart presentation so you know what comes next.

Do not leave chart on display after it has been used.

  7- Chalkboard / Whiteboard.. –

 Plan the material, considering:

The surface size of the board.

The distance between the board and the last row.

Do your chalkboard presentation on a piece of paper prior to class. Print legibly, neatly, and large enough.

Use the eraser not your fingers when correcting your writing.

Clean the whole board.

Do not talk when writing.

  8-Magnetic board: -

Be sure objects are not too heavy for magnet.

Plan your presentation, piece by piece.

Have the board tilted at a slight angle.

Do not talk to the board.

   9-Posters:-

 

10- Charts and cards:-

 

11- Realeia: -

Teachers can also bring real objects to class such as real food items.

  12-The human factor: -

Teachers are invited to use gestures, facial expressions and miming to ensure that the meaning of a certain concept is well illustrated and understood by the students.  Instructors in this sense must keep up with the new materials and uses for them. They should read excessively about these materials in professional journals. On top of this, they should develop a sense of learning outcome.  An active imagination will reveal unlimited relative ideas.  There is always a better way to achieve what one aspires to.

   

By: Younis Dawood  Younis

 

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